Let $\mathscr{G}_{\rm CM}(d)$ denote the collection of groups (up to isomorphism) that appear as the torsion subgroup of a CM elliptic curve over a degree $d$ number field. We completely determine $\mathscr{G}_{\rm CM}(d)$ for odd integers $d$ and deduce a number of statistical theorems about the behavior of torsion subgroups of CM elliptic curves. Here are three examples: (1) For each odd $d$, the set of natural numbers $d'$ with $\mathscr{G}_{\rm CM}(d') = \mathscr{G}_{\rm CM}(d)$ possesses a well-defined, positive asymptotic density. (2) Let $T_{\rm CM}(d) = \max_{G \in \mathscr{G}_{\rm CM}(d)} \#G$; under the Generalized Riemann Hypothesis, $$\left(\frac{12e^{\gamma}}{\pi}\right)^{2/3} \le \limsup_{\substack{d\to\infty\\d\text{ odd}}} \frac{T_{\rm CM}(d)}{(d\log\log{d})^{2/3}} \le \left(\frac{24e^{\gamma}}{\pi}\right)^{2/3}.$$ (3) For each $\epsilon > 0$, we have $\#\mathscr{G}_{\rm CM}(d) \ll_{\epsilon} d^{\epsilon}$ for all odd $d$; on the other hand, for each $A> 0$, we have $\#\mathscr{G}_{\rm CM}(d) > (\log{d})^A$ for infinitely many odd $d$.

Abbey Bourdon Paul Pollack

We develop an algorithm to test whether a non-CM elliptic curve $E/\mathbb{Q}$ gives rise to an isolated point of any degree on any modular curve of the form $X_1(N)$. This builds on prior work of Zywina which gives a method for computing the image of the adelic Galois representation associated to $E$. Running this algorithm on all elliptic curves presently in the $L$-functions and Modular Forms Database and the Stein-Watkins Database gives strong evidence for the conjecture that $E$ gives rise to an isolated point on $X_1(N)$ if and only if $j(E)=-140625/8, -9317,$ $351/4$, or $-162677523113838677$.

Abbey Bourdon Sachi Hashimoto Timo Keller Zev Klagsbrun David Lowry-Duda Travis Morrison Filip Najman Himanshu Shukla

In 1996, Merel showed there exists a function $B\colon \mathbb{Z}^+\rightarrow \mathbb{Z}^+$ such that for any elliptic curve $E/F$ defined over a number field of degree $d$, one has the torsion group bound $\# E(F)[\textrm{tors}]\leq B(d)$. Based on subsequent work, it is conjectured that one can choose $B$ to be polynomial in the degree $d$. In this paper, we show that such bounds exist for torsion from the family $\mathcal{I}_{\mathbb{Q}}$ of elliptic curves which are geometrically isogenous to at least one rational elliptic curve. More precisely, we show that for each $\epsilon>0$, there exists $c_\epsilon>0$ such that for any elliptic curve $E/F\in \mathcal{I}_{\mathbb{Q}}$, one has \[ E(F)[\textrm{tors}]\leq c_\epsilon\cdot [F:\mathbb{Q}]^{3+\epsilon}. \] This generalizes work of the second author for elliptic curves within a fixed rational geometric isogeny class. For the family of elliptic curves with rational $j$-invariant, we also obtain bounds which improve those of Clark and Pollack. In this case, our bounds on the exponent of $E(F)[\textrm{tors}]$ are optimal if one does not exclude elliptic curves with complex multiplication.

Abbey Bourdon Tyler Genao

We say a closed point $x$ on a curve $C$ is sporadic if $C$ has only finitely many closed points of degree at most $\operatorname{deg}(x)$ and that $x$ is isolated if it is not in a family of effective degree $d$ divisors parametrized by $\mathbb{P}^1$ or a positive rank abelian variety (see Section 4 for more precise definitions and a proof that sporadic points are isolated). Motivated by well-known classification problems concerning rational torsion of elliptic curves, we study sporadic and isolated points on the modular curves $X_1(N)$. In particular, we show that any non-cuspidal non-CM sporadic, respectively isolated, point $x \in X_1(N)$ maps down to a sporadic, respectively isolated, point on a modular curve $X_1(d)$, where $d$ is bounded by a constant depending only on $j(x)$. Conditionally, we show that $d$ is bounded by a constant depending only on the degree of $\mathbb{Q}(j(x))$, so in particular there are only finitely many $j$-invariants of bounded degree that give rise to sporadic or isolated points.

Abbey Bourdon Ozlem Ejder Yuan Liu Frances Odumodu Bianca Viray

We characterize the spectrum and essential spectrum of "essentially linear fractional" composition operators acting on the Hardy space H-two of the open unit disc U. When the symbols of these composition operators have Denjoy-Wolff point on the unit circle, the spectrum and essential spectrum coincide. Our work permits us to describe the spectrum and essential spectrum of certain associated weighted composition operators on the Hardy space.

Paul S. Bourdon

In this paper we shall show that the boundary $\partial I_{p,q}$ of the hyperbolic building $I_{p,q}$ considered in M. Bourdon, \emph{Immeubles hyperboliques, dimension conforme et rigidit\'e de Mostow} (Geometric And Functional Analysis, Vol 7 (1997), p 245-268) admits Poincar\'e type inequalities. Then by using Heinonen-Koskela's work, we shall prove Loewner capacity estimates for some families of curves of $\partial I_{p,q}$ and the fact that every quasiconformal homeomorphism $f : \partial I_{p,q} \longrightarrow \partial I_{p,q}$ is quasisymetric. Therefore by these results, the answers to certain questions of Heinonen and Semmes are NO.

Marc Bourdon Hervé Pajot

For one qubit systems, we present a short, elementary argument characterizing unital quantum operators in terms of their action on Bloch vectors. We then show how our approach generalizes to multi-qubit systems, obtaining inequalities that govern when a ``diagonal'' superoperator on the Bloch region is a quantum operator. These inequalities are the n-qubit analogue of the Algoet-Fujiwara conditions. Our work is facilitated by an analysis of operator-sum decompositions in which negative summands are allowed.

P. S. Bourdon H. T. Williams

We give an elementary proof of a formula recently obtained by Hammond, Moorhouse, and Robbins for the adjoint of a rationally induced composition operator on the Hardy space H^2. We discuss some variants and implications of this formula, and use it to provide a sufficient condition for a rationally induced composition operator adjoint to be a compact perturbation of a weighted composition operator.

Paul S. Bourdon Joel H. Shapiro

We characterize those generating functions k that produce weighted Hardy spaces of the unit disk D supporting nontrivial Hermitian weighted composition operators. Our characterization shows that the spaces associated with the "classical reproducing kernels," as well as certain natural extensions of these spaces, are precisely those that are hospitable to Hermitian weighted composition operators. It also leads to a refinement of a necessary condition for a weighted composition to be Hermitian, obtained recently by Cowen, Gunatillake, and Ko, into one that is both necessary and sufficient.

Paul Bourdon Wenling Shang

A bounded linear operator $A$ on a Hilbert space is posinormal if there exists a positive operator $P$ such that $AA^{*} = A^{*}PA$. Posinormality of $A$ is equivalent to the inclusion of the range of $A$ in the range of its adjoint $A^*$. Every hyponormal operator is posinormal, as is every invertible operator. We characterize both the posinormal and coposinormal composition operators $C_\varphi$ on the Hardy space $H^2$ of the open unit disk $\mathbb{D}$ when $\varphi$ is a linear-fractional selfmap of $\mathbb{D}$. Our work reveals that there are composition operators that are both posinormal and coposinormal yet have powers that fail to be posinormal.

Paul S. Bourdon Derek Thompson