Software is a critical part of modern research, and yet there are insufficient mechanisms in the scholarly ecosystem to acknowledge, cite, and measure the impact of research software. The majority of academic fields rely on a one-dimensional credit model whereby academic articles (and their associated citations) are the dominant factor in the success of a researcher's career. In the petabyte era of astronomical science, citing software and measuring its impact enables academia to retain and reward researchers that make significant software contributions. These highly skilled researchers must be retained to maximize the scientific return from petabyte-scale datasets. Evolving beyond the one-dimensional credit model requires overcoming several key challenges, including the current scholarly ecosystem and scientific culture issues. This white paper will present these challenges and suggest practical solutions for elevating the role of software as a product of the research enterprise.

Arfon M. Smith Dara Norman Kelle Cruz Vandana Desai Eric Bellm Britt Lundgren Frossie Economou Brian D. Nord Chad Schafer Gautham Narayan Joseph Harrington Erik Tollerud Brigitta Sipőcz Timothy Pickering Molly S. Peeples Bruce Berriman Peter Teuben David Rodriguez Andre Gradvohl Lior Shamir Alice Allen Joel R. Brownstein Adam Ginsburg Manodeep Sinha Cameron Hummels Britton Smith Heloise Stevance Adrian Price-Whelan Brian Cherinka Chi-kwan Chan Jeyhan Kartaltepe Matthew Turk Benjamin Weiner Maryam Modjaz Robert J. Nemiroff Wolfgang Kerzendorf Iva Laginja Chuanfei Dong Bruno Merín Jennifer Sobeck Derek Buzasi Jacqueline K Faherty Ivelina Momcheva Andrew Connolly V. Zach Golkhou

This PhD thesis focuses on local conformal nets of von Neumann algebras on the circle. For a more detailed description of its content and of the results published within, see its preface.

Mihály Weiner

We develop a versatile theoretical approach to the study of cold-atom diffractive scattering from light-field gratings by combining calculations of the optical near-field, generated by evanescent waves close to the surface of periodic nanostructured arrays, together with advanced atom wavepacket propagation on this optical potential.

G. Leveque C. Meier R. Mathevet C. Robiliiard J. Weiner C. Girard J. C. Weeber

It is conjectured that all known fermions are topological solitons. This could explain the non-observation of bosonic leptons and baryons and provide a physical mechanism for the Pauli exclusion principle.

Richard M. Weiner

We present an updated ephemeris and physical parameters for the exoplanet WASP-77 A b. In this effort, we combine 64 ground- and space-based transit observations, 6 space-based eclipse observations, and 32 radial velocity observations to produce the most precise orbital solution to date for this target, aiding in the planning of James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) and Ariel observations and atmospheric studies. We report a new orbital period of 1.360029395 +- 5.7e-8 days, a new mid-transit time of 2459957.337860 +- 4.3e-5 BJDTDB (Barycentric Julian Date in the Barycentric Dynamical Time scale; arXiv:1005.4415) and a new mid-eclipse time of 2459956.658192 +- 6.7e-5 BJDTDB. Furthermore, the methods presented in this study reduce the uncertainties in the planet mass to 1.6654 +- 4.5e-3 Mjup and orbital period to 1.360029395 +- 5.7e-8 days by factors of 15.1 and 10.9, respectively. Through a joint fit analysis comparison of transit data taken by space-based and citizen science-led initiatives, our study demonstrates the power of including data collected by citizen scientists compared to a fit of the space-based data alone. Additionally, by including a vast array of citizen science data from ExoClock, Exoplanet Transit Database (ETD), and Exoplanet Watch, we can increase our observational baseline and thus acquire better constraints on the forward propagation of our ephemeris than what is achievable with TESS data alone.

Federico R. Noguer Suber Corley Kyle A. Pearson Robert T. Zellem Molly N. Simon Jennifer A. Burt Isabela Huckabee Prune C. August Megan Weiner Mansfield Paul A. Dalba Peter C. B. Smith Timothy Banks Ira Bell Dominique Daniel Lindsay Dawson Jesús De Mula Marc Deldem Dimitrios Deligeorgopoulos Romina P. Di Sisto Roger Dymock Phil Evans Giulio Follero Martin J. F. Fowler Eduardo Fernández-Lajús Alex Hamrick Nicoletta Iannascoli Andre O. Kovacs Denis Henrique Kulh Claudio Lopresti Antonio Marino Bryan E. Martin Paolo Arcangelo Matassa Tasso Augusto Napoleão Alessandro Nastasi Anthony Norris Alessandro Odasso Nikolaos I. Paschalis Pavel Pintr Jake Postiglione Justus Randolph François Regembal Lionel Rousselot Sergio José Gonçalves da Silva Andrew Smith Andrea Tomacelli

What is the form of the neutrino mass matrix which governs the oscillations of the atmospheric and solar neutrinos? Features of the data have led to a dominant viewpoint where the mass matrix has an ordered, regulated pattern, perhaps dictated by a flavor symmetry. We challenge this viewpoint, and demonstrate that the data are well accounted for by a neutrino mass matrix which appears to have random entries.

Lawrence Hall Hitoshi Murayama Neal Weiner

The historical context of the recent results from high energy heavy ion reactions devoted to the search of quark-gluon plasma (QGP) is reviewed, with emphasis on the surprises encountered. The evidence for QGP from heavy ion reactions is compared with that available from particle reactions.

Richard M. Weiner

We present a supersymmetric model of dark energy from Mass Varying Neutrinos which is stable against radiative corrections to masses and couplings, and free of dynamical instabilities. This is the only such model of dark energy involving fields with significant couplings to any standard model particle. We briefly discuss consequences for neutrino oscillations and solar neutrinos.

Rob Fardon Ann E. Nelson Neal Weiner

On a slice of AdS_5, despite having a dimensionful coupling, gauge theories can exhibit logarithmic dependence on scale. In this paper, we utilize deconstruction to analyze the scaling behavior of the theory, both above and below the AdS curvature scale, and shed light on position-dependent regularizations of the theory. We comment on applications to geometries other than AdS.

Lisa Randall Yael Shadmi Neal Weiner

Transmission spectra of metallic films or membranes perforated by arrays of subwavelength slits or holes have been widely interpreted as resonance absorption by surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs). Alternative interpretations involving evanescent waves diffracted on the surface have also been proposed. These two approaches lead to divergent predictions for some surface wave properties. Using far-field interferometry, we have carried out a series of measurements on elementary one-dimensional (1-D) subwavelength structures with the aim of testing key properties of the surface waves and comparing them to predictions of these two points of view.

G. Gay O. Alloschery B. Vairis de Lesegno J. Weiner H. J. Lezec