Human-centered AI workflows involve stakeholders with multiple roles interacting with each other and automated agents to accomplish diverse tasks. In this paper, we call for a holistic view when designing support mechanisms, such as interaction paradigms, interfaces, and systems, for these multifaceted workflows.

Sajjadur Rahman Hannah Kim Dan Zhang Estevam Hruschka Eser Kandogan

Non protein coding regions of the human genome contain many complex patterns which regulate the cellular activity. Studying the human genome is limited by the lack of understanding of its features and their complex interactions. However, recent advances in AI research have enabled automatically learning representations of high dimensional complex data without feature engineering, using deep neural networks. Therefore, in this paper, we demonstrate that a convolutional neural network can learn a representation of DNA sequence without specifying any motifs or patterns, such that it becomes capable of predicting whether a DNA sequence is natural or artificial. The trained model could distinguish scrambled vs real DNA sequences for scrambling lengths of 2 bp, 10 bp, 50 bp and even 100 bp, with a significantly higher accuracy than linear SVMs. With this study, we have discovered that regions of non protein coding DNA might have meaningful interactions at even longer than 100 bp distances even though they do not code proteins.

Kerim Arioglu Umut Eser

We study the generation of low-energy couplings induced by quantum fluctuations within the O(4)-symmetric quark-meson model. To this end, we compute the functional renormalization group flow of the linearly realized quark-meson model including higher-derivative interactions and subsequently transform the resulting effective action into a nonlinear effective pion action. The latter is referred to as the low-energy limit of the O(4) quark-meson model. The present study may be considered as a preparatory work for the dynamical generation of low-energy couplings from functional QCD fluctuations in order to determine meaningful renormalization scales for purely pionic models.

Jürgen Eser Florian Divotgey Mario Mitter

In this study, we investigate the effects of noncommutative Quantum Mechanics in three dimensions on the energy levels of a charged isotropic harmonic oscillator in the presence of a uniform magnetic field in the z-direction. The extension of this problem to three dimensions proves to be non-trivial. We obtain the first-order corrections to the energy-levels in closed form in the low energy limit of weak noncommutativity. The most important result we can note is that all energy corrections due to noncommutativity are negative and their magnitude increase with increasing Quantum numbers and magnetic field.

Muhittin Cenk Eser Mustafa Riza

The transition in quantum chromodynamics (QCD) from hadronic matter to the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) at high temperatures and/or net-baryon densities is associated with the restoration of chiral symmetry and can be investigated in the laboratory via heavy-ion collisions. We study this chiral transition within the functional renormalization group (FRG) approach applied to the two-flavor version of the extended Linear Sigma Model (eLSM). The eLSM is an effective model for the strong interaction and features besides scalar and pseudoscalar degrees of freedom also vector and axial- vector mesons. We discuss the impact of the quark masses and the axial anomaly on the order of the chiral transition. We also confirm the degeneracy of the masses of chiral partners above the transition temperature. We find that the mass of the $a_1$ meson ($\rho$ meson) decreases (increases) towards the chiral transition.

Jürgen Eser Mara Grahl Dirk H. Rischke

A major challenge in applying machine learning to automated theorem proving is the scarcity of training data, which is a key ingredient in training successful deep learning models. To tackle this problem, we propose an approach that relies on training with synthetic theorems, generated from a set of axioms. We show that such theorems can be used to train an automated prover and that the learned prover transfers successfully to human-generated theorems. We demonstrate that a prover trained exclusively on synthetic theorems can solve a substantial fraction of problems in TPTP, a benchmark dataset that is used to compare state-of-the-art heuristic provers. Our approach outperforms a model trained on human-generated problems in most axiom sets, thereby showing the promise of using synthetic data for this task.

Eser Aygün Zafarali Ahmed Ankit Anand Vlad Firoiu Xavier Glorot Laurent Orseau Doina Precup Shibl Mourad

In a qualitative study, the low-energy properties of the $\text{SO}\!\left(6\right)$-symmetric Quark-Meson-Diquark Model as an effective model for two-color Quantum Chromodynamics are investigated within the Functional Renormalization Group (FRG) approach. In particular, we compute the infrared scaling behavior of fluctuation-induced higher-derivative couplings of the linear Quark-Meson-Diquark Model and map the resulting renormalized effective action onto its nonlinear counterpart. The higher-derivative couplings of the nonlinear model, which we identify as the low-energy couplings of the Quark-Meson-Diquark Model, are therefore entirely determined by the FRG flow of their linear equivalents. This grants full access to their scaling behavior and provides insights into conceptual aspects of purely bosonic effective models, as they are treated within the FRG. In this way, the presented work is understood as an immediate extension of our recent advances in the $\text{SO}\!\left(4\right)$-symmetric Quark-Meson Model beyond common FRG approximations.

Niklas Cichutek Florian Divotgey Jürgen Eser

A lot of problems of atomic and nuclear physics depend on with high accuracy to the Coulomb potential. Therefore, it is very important to carefully and accurately calculate the Coulomb potential. In this study, a new analytical expression was obtained for calculating the Coulomb potential by choosing the Fermi distribution function, which is suitable for charge distribution in nuclei. The proposed formula guarantees an accurate and simple calculation of the Coulomb potential of nuclei. Using the analytical expression obtained, the Coulomb potentials for several spherical nuclei were calculated for all values of the parameters. It is shown that the results obtained for arbitrary values of the radius are consistent with the literature data. In this study, the accepted values in literature of the two parameters (Coulomb radius R_c and diffuseness parameter a_c) which are important for the coulomb potential are also discussed.

Hüseyin Koç Erhan Eser Cevad Selam

We extend our recent computation of the low-energy limit of the linear O(4) Quark-Meson Model. The present analysis focuses on the transformation of the resulting effective action into a nonlinearly realized effective pion action, whose higher-derivative interaction terms are parametrized by so-called low-energy couplings. Their counterparts in the linear model are determined from the Functional Renormalization Group flow of the momentum-dependent four-pion vertex, which is calculated in a fully O(4)-symmetric approximation by including also momentum-dependent {\sigma}{\pi} interactions as well as {\sigma} self-interactions. Consequently, these higher-derivative couplings are dynamically generated solely from quark and meson fluctuations, initialized at a hadronic scale. Despite our restriction to low-energy degrees of freedom, we find that the qualitative features of the fluctuation dynamics allow us to comment on the range of validity and on appropriate renormalization scales for purely pionic effective models.

Florian Divotgey Jürgen Eser Mario Mitter

In this study, we investigate the effects of noncommutative Quantum Mechanics in three dimensions on the energy levels of a charged isotropic harmonic oscillator in the presence of a uniform magnetic field in the z-direction. The extension of this problem to three dimensions proves to be non-trivial. We obtain the first-order corrections to the energy-levels in closed form in the low energy limit of weak noncommutativity. The most important result we can note is that all energy corrections due to noncommutativity are negative and their magnitude increase with increasing Quantum numbers and magnetic field.

Muhittin Cenk Eser Mustafa Riza