Developments in spin-polarized internal targets for storage rings have permitted measurements of 197 MeV polarized protons scattering from vector polarized deuterons. This work presents measurements of the polarization observables A_y, iT_11, and C_y,y in proton-deuteron elastic scattering. When compared to calculations with and without three-nucleon forces, the measurements indicate that three-nucleon forces make a significant contribution to the observables. This work indicates that three-body forces derived from static nuclear properties appear to be crucial to the description of dynamical properties.

R. V. Cadman J. Brack W. J. Cummings J. A. Fedchak B. D. Fox H. Gao W. Glöckle C. Grosshauser R. J. Holt C. E. Jones E. R. Kinney M. A. Miller W. Nagengast B. R. Owen K. Rith F. Schmidt E. C. Schulte J. Sowinski F. Sperisen E. L. Thorsland R. Tobey J. Wilbert H. Witała

Over the last three decades, Hall C has been a key contributor to progress in the understanding of hadron structure and interactions. An outline of a potential future Hall C physics program focused on precision measurements of small cross sections is presented. A detailed overview of this unique facility, whose flexible configuration allows many opportunities for new experimental equipment that help address a wide range of questions in hadronic physics, is included as well.

J. Benesch V. Berdnikov P. Brindza S. Covrig Dusa D. Dutta D. Gaskell T. Gogami J. M. Grames D. J. Hamilton D. W. Higinbotham T. Horn G. M. Huber M. K. Jones C. Keith C. Keppel E. R. Kinney W. B. Li Shujie Li N. Liyanage E. Long D. J. Mack B. Metzger C. Muñoz Camacho S. N. Nakamura B. Sawatzky K. Slifer H. Szumila-Vance A. S. Tadepalli L. Tang B. Wojtsekhowski S. A. Wood

We demonstrate that, by combining optical, radio and X-ray observations of a Seyfert, it is possible to provide a direct measurement of the angle $\beta$ between the direction of the radio jet and the normal to the plane of the spiral host galaxy. To do so, we make the assumptions that the inner radio jet is perpendicular to the X-ray observed inner accretion disk, and that the observed jet (or the stronger component, if the jet is two-sided) is physically closer to Earth than the plane of the galaxy. We draw attention to the possibility of measurement producing a result which is not self-consistent, in which case for that galaxy, one of the assumptions must fail.

J. E. Pringle R. R. J. Antonucci C. J. Clarke A. L. Kinney H. R. Schmitt J. S. Ulvestad

We present a series of statistical tests using homogeneous data and measurements for a sample of Seyfert galaxies. These galaxies were selected from mostly isotropic properties, their far infrared fluxes and warm infrared colors, which provide a considerable advantage over the criteria used by most investigators in the past, like ultraviolet excess. Our results provide strong support for a Unified Model in which Seyferts 2's contain a torus seen more edge-on than in Seyferts 1's and show that previous results showing the opposite were most likely due to selection effects.

H. R. Schmitt J. S. Ulvestad R. R. J. Antonucci C. J. Clarke J. E. Pringle A. L. Kinney

Ultra-low density polymers, metals, and ceramic nanofoams are valued for their high strength-to-weight ratio, high surface area and insulating properties ascribed to their structural geometry. We obtain the labrynthine internal structure of a tantalum oxide nanofoam by X-ray diffractive imaging. Finite element analysis from the structure reveals mechanical properties consistent with bulk samples and with a diffusion limited cluster aggregation model, while excess mass on the nodes discounts the dangling fragments hypothesis of percolation theory.

A. Barty S. Marchesini H. N. Chapman C. Cui M. R. Howells D. A. Shapiro A. M. Minor J. C. H. Spence U. Weierstall J. Ilavsky A. Noy S. P. Hau-Riege A. B. Artyukhin T. Baumann T. Willey J. Stolken T. van Buuren J. H. Kinney

Galmatheia is a broad bandpass (900-1800 Angstrom), far-ultraviolet (FUV) nebular spectrograph (lambda /delta lambda ~ 650) for the study of the evolution of galactic plasma with a temperature of 10^4.5 - 10^6 K. Galmatheia will survey the FUV sky with 5' imaging and conduct hundreds of deep 8 degree x 5' field pointings during its proposed two-year mission. Unprecedented sensitivity is achieved by careful exclusion of FUV-bright stars and airglow background. The emission-line sensitivity for a single-day exposure and for a one-year sky survey 3 degree x 3 degree bin yields 50 sigma and 10-15 sigma detections, respectively, of both the predicted radiation from hot Galactic gas and previously-observed diffuse FUV emission. The continuum sensitivity provides 15-25 sigma detections of the predicted flux from unresolved extra-galactic sources.

J. Edelstein W. V. Dixon E. Korpela

We discuss the viability of shocks as the principal source of ionization for the Narrow Line Region of Seyfert galaxies. We present the preliminary results of [OIII]5007A and radio 3.6 cm imaging surveys of Seyferts, discuss the effects of shocks in the ionization of two galaxies, and also calculate an upper limit to the Hbeta luminosity that can be due to shocks in 36 galaxies with unresolved radio emission. We show that, for favored values of the shock parameters, that shocks cannot contribute more than ~15% of the ionizing photons in most galaxies.

H. R. Schmitt A. L. Kinney J. B. Hutchings J. S. Ulvestad R. R. J. Antonucci

The inclusive A(e,e') cross section for $x \simeq 1$ was measured on $^2$H, C, Fe, and Au for momentum transfers $Q^2$ from 1-7 (GeV/c)$^2$. The scaling behavior of the data was examined in the region of transition from y-scaling to x-scaling. Throughout this transitional region, the data exhibit $\xi$-scaling, reminiscent of the Bloom-Gilman duality seen in free nucleon scattering.

J. Arrington P. Anthony R. G. Arnold E. J. Beise J. E. Belz P. E. Bosted H. -J. Bulten M. S. Chapman K. P. Coulter F. Dietrich R. Ent M. Epstein B. W. Filippone H. Gao R. A. Gearhart D. F. Geesaman J. -O. Hansen R. J. Holt H. E. Jackson C. E. Jones C. E. Keppel E. R. Kinney S. Kuhn K. Lee W. Lorenzon A. Lung N. C. R. Makins D. J. Margaziotis R. D. McKeown R. G. Milner B. Mueller J. Napolitano J. Nelson T. G. O'Neill V. Papavassiliou G. G. Petratos D. H. Potterveld S. E. Rock M. Spengos Z. M. Szalata L. H. Tao K. vanBibber J. F. J. van den Brand J. L. White D. Winter B. Zeidman

We present a new method for the statistical investigation into the distributions of the angle beta between the radio axis and the normal to the galactic disk for a sample of Seyfert galaxies. We discuss how further observations of the sample galaxies can strengthen the conclusions. Our data are consistent with the hypothesis that AGN jets are oriented randomly in space, independent of the position of the plane of the galaxy. By making the simple assumption that the Standard Model of AGN holds, with a universal opening angle of the thick torus of phi_c, we demonstrate a statistical method to obtain an estimate of phi_c. Our data are not consistent with the simple-minded idea that Seyfert 1s and Seyfert 2s are differentiated solely by whether or not our line of sight lies within some fixed angle of the jet axis. Our result is significant on the 2 sigma level and can thus be considered only suggestive, not conclusive. A complete sample of Seyfert galaxies selected on an isotropic property is required to obtain a conclusive result.

C. J. Clarke A. L. Kinney J. E. Pringle

The Fourier inversion of phased coherent diffraction patterns offers images without the resolution and depth-of-focus limitations of lens-based tomographic systems. We report on our recent experimental images inverted using recent developments in phase retrieval algorithms, and summarize efforts that led to these accomplishments. These include ab-initio reconstruction of a two-dimensional test pattern, infinite depth of focus image of a thick object, and its high-resolution (~10 nm resolution) three-dimensional image. Developments on the structural imaging of low density aerogel samples are discussed.

S. Marchesini H. N. Chapman A. Barty A. Noy S. P. Hau-Riege J. M. Kinney C. Cui M. R. Howells R. Rosen J. C. H. Spence U. Weierstall D. Shapiro T. Beetz C. Jacobsen E. Lima A. M. Minor H. He