This paper introduces LLM-jp, a cross-organizational project for the research and development of Japanese large language models (LLMs). LLM-jp aims to develop open-source and strong Japanese LLMs, and as of this writing, more than 1,500 participants from academia and industry are working together for this purpose. This paper presents the background of the establishment of LLM-jp, summaries of its activities, and technical reports on the LLMs developed by LLM-jp. For the latest activities, visit https://llm-jp.nii.ac.jp/en/.

LLM-jp : Akiko Aizawa Eiji Aramaki Bowen Chen Fei Cheng Hiroyuki Deguchi Rintaro Enomoto Kazuki Fujii Kensuke Fukumoto Takuya Fukushima Namgi Han Yuto Harada Chikara Hashimoto Tatsuya Hiraoka Shohei Hisada Sosuke Hosokawa Lu Jie Keisuke Kamata Teruhito Kanazawa Hiroki Kanezashi Hiroshi Kataoka Satoru Katsumata Daisuke Kawahara Seiya Kawano Atsushi Keyaki Keisuke Kiryu Hirokazu Kiyomaru Takashi Kodama Takahiro Kubo Yohei Kuga Ryoma Kumon Shuhei Kurita Sadao Kurohashi Conglong Li Taiki Maekawa Hiroshi Matsuda Yusuke Miyao Kentaro Mizuki Sakae Mizuki Yugo Murawaki Akim Mousterou Ryo Nakamura Taishi Nakamura Kouta Nakayama Tomoka Nakazato Takuro Niitsuma Jiro Nishitoba Yusuke Oda Hayato Ogawa Takumi Okamoto Naoaki Okazaki Yohei Oseki Shintaro Ozaki Koki Ryu Rafal Rzepka Keisuke Sakaguchi Shota Sasaki Satoshi Sekine Kohei Suda Saku Sugawara Issa Sugiura Hiroaki Sugiyama Hisami Suzuki Jun Suzuki Toyotaro Suzumura Kensuke Tachibana Yu Takagi Kyosuke Takami Koichi Takeda Masashi Takeshita Masahiro Tanaka Kenjiro Taura Arseny Tolmachev Nobuhiro Ueda Zhen Wan Shuntaro Yada Sakiko Yahata Yuya Yamamoto Yusuke Yamauchi Hitomi Yanaka Rio Yokota Koichiro Yoshino

This paper analyzes the excessive risk perception of Korea as one of the causes of the international dispute over the import of Fukushima food between Korea and Japan. To do this, it compares the perception of Fukushima food among Koreans and people from other countries through a survey and identifies the factors that affect the perception through a linear regression analysis. As a result, it finds that Koreans have a higher negative perception of Fukushima food than people from other countries and that this is related to the level of knowledge about radiation and the evaluation of the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident response. It also presents the subjective opinion of the author that political conflicts between Korea and Japan may affect the perception gap and international disputes. This paper proposes a model of risk perception and decision-making process for Fukushima food and emphasizes the need to improve the risk perception of Koreans through public education and publicity campaigns.

Young Chan Seo

A linear scale method for calculating electronic properties of large and complex systems is introduced within a local density approximation. The method is based on the Chebyshev polynomial expansion and the time-dependent method, which is tested in calculating the electronic structure of a model n-type GaAs quantum dot.

Shintaro Nomura Toshiaki Iitaka

In 3-dimensional Lorentz-Minkowski space we determine the number of catenoids connecting two coaxial circles in parallel planes. This study is separated according to the types of circles and the causal character (spacelike and timelike) of the catenoid.

Shintaro Akamine Rafael López

In the 3-dimensional Lorentz-Minkowski space we prove that the sign of the Gaussian curvature of any timelike minimal surface is determined by the degeneracy and the orientations of the two null curves that generate the surface. Moreover, we also investigate the behavior of the Gaussian curvature near singular points of a timelike minimal surface which admits some kind of singular points.

Shintaro Akamine

This paper surveys some of our recent progress on Hardy-type inequa\-lities which consist of a well-known topic in Harmonic Analysis. In the first section, we recall the original probabilistic motivation dealing with the stability speed in terms of the $L^2$-theory. A crucial application of a result by Fukushima and Uemura (2003) is included. In the second section, the non-linear case (a general Hardy-type inequality) is handled with a direct and analytic proof. In the last section, it is illustrated that the basic estimates presented in the first two sections can still be improved considerably.

Mu-Fa Chen

In this note, we study the directed first passage percolation introduced in [F. Comets, R. Fukushima, S. Nakajima and N. Yoshida: Journal of Statistical Physics, 161-(3), 577-597 (2015)]. It is proved that the shortest path from the origin to the $n$-th hyperplane makes a jump larger than a small power of $\log n$. Some numerical results are also provided, which indicates that the maximal jump size is much larger in a certain parameter region.

Ryoki Fukushima

We investigate the effective action of the Polyakov loop with spatial variations. We expand the effective action not in powers of derivatives or momenta, but in powers of variational amplitudes. At one-loop order the results suggest that the instability towards the confining vacuum may be caused by the variational terms.

Kenji Fukushima Koichi Ohta

We discuss the relation between the Polyakov loop and the chiral order parameter at finite temperature by using an effective model. We clarify why and how the pseudo-critical temperature associated with the Polyakov loop should coincide with that of the chiral condensate.

Kenji Fukushima

We discuss the relation between color deconfinement characterized by the Polyakov loop and chiral restoration characterized by the chiral condensate. We clarify how and why these two phenomena should take place at the same pseudo-critical temperature.

Kenji Fukushima