Electrophile, nucleophile
In a substitution reaction, the _ is attacked by the _
Polar aprotic
_ solvents favor Sn2 reactions
Primary, tertiary
Sn2 reactions happen fastest on _ electrophiles; and barely occur at all on _ electrophiles
Substrate
The "1" in "Sn1" means that the rate of reaction is dependent only on the concentration of the _
Sn1, Sn2
A _ reaction is much more sensitive to the stability of the leaving group than a _ reaction
Sn1
_ reactions need a polar solvent to stabilize the carbocation
Polar aprotic
Nucleophiles are always hindered by a solvent shell, except when they are in a _ solvent
Protonating
A bad leaving group can be converted into an excellent one by _ it
Acetone, DMSO, DME, DMF
The most common polar aprotic solvents are _, _, _, and _
Negative, stable
A good leaving group has a _ charge and is _
Polar aprotic
Acetone, DMSO, DME, and DMF are all _ solvents
Anionic, metal
Sn2 reactions need a good, _ nucleophile and a _ ion such as Na or K
Sn2
Polar aprotic solvents favor _ reactions
Steric hinderance, stability of charge
Sn2 reactions occur most readily on primary electrophiles due to less _; Sn2 reactions prefer
tertiary electrophiles due to _
Negative, stable
A moderate nucleophile has a _ charge, and is very _
Polar
Sn1 reactions need a _ solvent to stabilize the carbocation
Polar
Sn2 reactions need a _ solvent to dissolve the nucleophile
Negative, stabilized, halogen
A strong nucleophile has a _ charge that is not _; and the charge is not on a _
1000
Sn2 reactions performed with nucleophiles in polar aprotic solvents occur about _ times
faster than in regular protic solvents
Protic, nucleophile, solvolysis
In an Sn1 reaction, there is a _ solvent, which can also serve as the _; this is called _
Invert
Sn2 reactions _ the stereocenter
Negative, stabilized
A bad leaving group has a _ charge that is not _
Tertiary, primary
Sn1 reactions happen fastest on _ electrophiles; and barely occur on _ electrophiles
Sn1
The first step of a _ reaction is the loss of a leaving group
Solvent shell
A nucleophile with a negative charge, when dissolved in a polar solvent, will be surrounded by
a _
Leaving group
The first step of an Sn1 reaction is the loss of a _
Neutral, positive
A weak nucleophile has a _ or _ charge
Racemic
Sn1 reactions produce _ mixtures
Substrate, nucleophile
The "2" in "Sn2" means that the rate of reaction is dependent on the concentrations of the _ and
the _
Positive
For a leaving group to be neutral when it leaves, it must have a _ charge while it is still
attached to the molecule.
Nucleophile
Sn2 reactions need a polar solvent to dissolve the _
Negative
An excellent leaving group does not have a _ charge
Negative
A nucleophile with a _ charge, when dissolved in a polar solvent, will be surrounded by
asolvent shell
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