atomic number
*On the periodic table, what tells you the number of protons?
deoxyribose
The 5 carbon sugar in DNA that’s used in the nucleotide
fatty acid
At the end of a long chain with a carboxylic group at one end
ideal gas law
Moles of gas related to pressure, volume, and temperature
polar molecule
A molecule with polar bonds that form a dipole moment
solute
In a solution, the substance that is dissolved
kelvin
Absolute temperature scale with NO negative numbers
molarity
The concentration of a solution measured in moles per liter
64
There are 20 amino acids but only ___ possible codons
limiting reactant
The reactant that is fully consumed
liter
Basic unit of volume
Ionization Energy
The amount of energy needed to remove an electron from a gaseous atom in its grounded state
eletronnegativity
The measure of the tendency of an atom in a covalent bond to attract shared electrons to itself
enthalphy
Heat change of a reaction at constant pressure
glycosidic linkages
A disaccharide is composed of 2 monosaccharide’s that are joined by these
spin
The quantum number that tells you which way an electron is rotating
mass
Measure of quantity of matter
law of definite proportions
he compound is always composed of elements in a certain definite proportion
oxidiation
Loss of electrons
exothermic
Chemical reaction with a negative delta H
alkene
Hydrocarbon with a double bond
isotopes
Two atoms with the same number of protons but with different numbers of neutrons
sig figs
Non place holding numbers in a recorded measurement
exponent
In scientific notation, this tells us how many spaces the decimal has moved
linear
A molecular structure where there is 180 degrees between each atom
reduction
Gain of elections
Groups 3B-8B
*what group fills the D electron subshell
oxidizing agent
In a reaction, it is the compound being reduced
ground state
Electrons lowest energy level
atoms
The smallest individual particles that retain the properties of the element
surface tension
The force of attraction that causes the surface of a liquid to contract and form a bead
covalent
Shared pair of electrons in a molecule
N+L Rule
Electron energy is the sum of principles (N) of angular momentum (L) and octet quantum numbers
Change of Volume
what is NOT an indicator of a chemical reaction
amine
A functional group that is derived from ammonia with the central nitrogen atom
Heisenberg Uncertainty Rule/Law:
It is impossible to know the electrons direction and speed
solution
Homogeneous mixture of a solvent and a solute
pH
Negative log of the hydrogen ion concentration
nonmetals
On the right side of the stair step on the periodic table
molecular formula
Formula that gives the number of atoms of each element present in a molecule
collagative
Properties of the solution dependent on the ability for it to dissolve in the solution
hydrogen bonds
Strongest molecular force
product
Substance present at the end of the reaction
gene
A____ is a sequence of codons within a DNA molecule that codes for a single protein
amino acid
Primary protein structure
hunds rule
Electrons remain unpaired as possible
neutron
Subatomic particle with no charge
isomers
not a functional group
octet rule
The tendency of atoms to be stable with 8 electrons in their valence shell
activity
Control single replacement reactions
stoicheometry
Calculation of quantities involved in chemical reactions.
scientific law
Generalized statement of observations that generalize specific facts about nature
solid
Definite shape and definite volume
isomers
Two organic compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulas
decrease, increase
On the periodic table, electronegativity____ as you go down the chart and ____ as you go left to
right
transcription
The synthesis of mRNA and DNA strand
intermollecular forces
Attractive forces between molecules that are NOT bonds
periodic law
Physical and chemical properties that vary periodically with increasing atomic mass.
aldose
A carbohydrate with a carbonyl group on the first carbon
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