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atomic number
*On the periodic table, what tells you the number of protons?
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deoxyribose
The 5 carbon sugar in DNA that’s used in the nucleotide
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fatty acid
At the end of a long chain with a carboxylic group at one end
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ideal gas law
Moles of gas related to pressure, volume, and temperature
|
polar molecule
A molecule with polar bonds that form a dipole moment
|
solute
In a solution, the substance that is dissolved
|
kelvin
Absolute temperature scale with NO negative numbers
|
molarity
The concentration of a solution measured in moles per liter
|
64
There are 20 amino acids but only ___ possible codons
|
periods
horizontal rows
|
limiting reactant
The reactant that is fully consumed
|
liter
Basic unit of volume
|
Ionization Energy
The amount of energy needed to remove an electron from a gaseous atom in its grounded state
|
eletronnegativity
The measure of the tendency of an atom in a covalent bond to attract shared electrons to itself
|
enthalphy
Heat change of a reaction at constant pressure
|
glycosidic linkages
A disaccharide is composed of 2 monosaccharide’s that are joined by these
|
spin
The quantum number that tells you which way an electron is rotating
|
mass
Measure of quantity of matter
|
law of definite proportions
he compound is always composed of elements in a certain definite proportion
|
oxidiation
Loss of electrons
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exothermic
Chemical reaction with a negative delta H
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alkene
Hydrocarbon with a double bond
|
isotopes
Two atoms with the same number of protons but with different numbers of neutrons
|
sig figs
Non place holding numbers in a recorded measurement
|
exponent
In scientific notation, this tells us how many spaces the decimal has moved
|
linear
A molecular structure where there is 180 degrees between each atom
|
reduction
Gain of elections
|
Groups 3B-8B
*what group fills the D electron subshell
|
oxidizing agent
In a reaction, it is the compound being reduced
|
ground state
Electrons lowest energy level
|
atoms
The smallest individual particles that retain the properties of the element
|
surface tension
The force of attraction that causes the surface of a liquid to contract and form a bead
|
covalent
Shared pair of electrons in a molecule
|
N+L Rule
Electron energy is the sum of principles (N) of angular momentum (L) and octet quantum numbers
|
Change of Volume
what is NOT an indicator of a chemical reaction
|
amine
A functional group that is derived from ammonia with the central nitrogen atom
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Heisenberg Uncertainty Rule/Law:
It is impossible to know the electrons direction and speed
|
solution
Homogeneous mixture of a solvent and a solute
|
pH
Negative log of the hydrogen ion concentration
|
nonmetals
On the right side of the stair step on the periodic table
|
molecular formula
Formula that gives the number of atoms of each element present in a molecule
|
collagative
Properties of the solution dependent on the ability for it to dissolve in the solution
|
hydrogen bonds
Strongest molecular force
|
product
Substance present at the end of the reaction
|
gene
A____ is a sequence of codons within a DNA molecule that codes for a single protein
|
amino acid
Primary protein structure
|
hunds rule
Electrons remain unpaired as possible
|
neutron
Subatomic particle with no charge
|
isomers
not a functional group
|
octet rule
The tendency of atoms to be stable with 8 electrons in their valence shell
|
activity
Control single replacement reactions
|
stoicheometry
Calculation of quantities involved in chemical reactions.
|
scientific law
Generalized statement of observations that generalize specific facts about nature
|
solid
Definite shape and definite volume
|
isomers
Two organic compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulas
|
decrease, increase
On the periodic table, electronegativity____ as you go down the chart and ____ as you go left to
right
|
transcription
The synthesis of mRNA and DNA strand
|
intermollecular forces
Attractive forces between molecules that are NOT bonds
|
periodic law
Physical and chemical properties that vary periodically with increasing atomic mass.
|
aldose
A carbohydrate with a carbonyl group on the first carbon
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