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atomic number
*On the periodic table, what tells you the number of protons?
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deoxyribose
The 5 carbon sugar in DNA that’s used in the nucleotide
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fatty acid
At the end of a long chain with a carboxylic group at one end
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ideal gas law
Moles of gas related to pressure, volume, and temperature
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polar molecule
A molecule with polar bonds that form a dipole moment
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solute
In a solution, the substance that is dissolved
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kelvin
Absolute temperature scale with NO negative numbers
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molarity
The concentration of a solution measured in moles per liter
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64
There are 20 amino acids but only ___ possible codons
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periods
horizontal rows
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limiting reactant
The reactant that is fully consumed
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liter
Basic unit of volume
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Ionization Energy
The amount of energy needed to remove an electron from a gaseous atom in its grounded state
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eletronnegativity
The measure of the tendency of an atom in a covalent bond to attract shared electrons to itself
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enthalphy
Heat change of a reaction at constant pressure
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glycosidic linkages
A disaccharide is composed of 2 monosaccharide’s that are joined by these
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spin
The quantum number that tells you which way an electron is rotating
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mass
Measure of quantity of matter
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law of definite proportions
he compound is always composed of elements in a certain definite proportion
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oxidiation
Loss of electrons
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exothermic
Chemical reaction with a negative delta H
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alkene
Hydrocarbon with a double bond
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isotopes
Two atoms with the same number of protons but with different numbers of neutrons
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sig figs
Non place holding numbers in a recorded measurement
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exponent
In scientific notation, this tells us how many spaces the decimal has moved
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linear
A molecular structure where there is 180 degrees between each atom
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reduction
Gain of elections
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Groups 3B-8B
*what group fills the D electron subshell
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oxidizing agent
In a reaction, it is the compound being reduced
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ground state
Electrons lowest energy level
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atoms
The smallest individual particles that retain the properties of the element
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surface tension
The force of attraction that causes the surface of a liquid to contract and form a bead
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covalent
Shared pair of electrons in a molecule
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N+L Rule
Electron energy is the sum of principles (N) of angular momentum (L) and octet quantum numbers
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Change of Volume
what is NOT an indicator of a chemical reaction
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amine
A functional group that is derived from ammonia with the central nitrogen atom
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Heisenberg Uncertainty Rule/Law:
It is impossible to know the electrons direction and speed
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solution
Homogeneous mixture of a solvent and a solute
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pH
Negative log of the hydrogen ion concentration
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nonmetals
On the right side of the stair step on the periodic table
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molecular formula
Formula that gives the number of atoms of each element present in a molecule
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collagative
Properties of the solution dependent on the ability for it to dissolve in the solution
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hydrogen bonds
Strongest molecular force
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product
Substance present at the end of the reaction
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gene
A____ is a sequence of codons within a DNA molecule that codes for a single protein
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amino acid
Primary protein structure
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hunds rule
Electrons remain unpaired as possible
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neutron
Subatomic particle with no charge
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isomers
not a functional group
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octet rule
The tendency of atoms to be stable with 8 electrons in their valence shell
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activity
Control single replacement reactions
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stoicheometry
Calculation of quantities involved in chemical reactions.
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scientific law
Generalized statement of observations that generalize specific facts about nature
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solid
Definite shape and definite volume
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isomers
Two organic compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulas
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decrease, increase
On the periodic table, electronegativity____ as you go down the chart and ____ as you go left to
right
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transcription
The synthesis of mRNA and DNA strand
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intermollecular forces
Attractive forces between molecules that are NOT bonds
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periodic law
Physical and chemical properties that vary periodically with increasing atomic mass.
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aldose
A carbohydrate with a carbonyl group on the first carbon
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