Advanced Prosthetic & Biomechanical Design – Project Index

This page is an index of 20 cutting-edge prosthetic and biomechanical design explorations using Three.js and Ammo.js physics. Each item links to a dedicated experiment page (Index844–Index863) featuring interactive 3D simulations, parametric controls, and real-time physics demonstrations.

1. Adaptive Hand & Grip Systems

  1. The Adaptive Palm (Variable Width)
    Parametric palm with dynamic width adjustment. Finger hinges recalculate positions to stay aligned with palm edges using btHingeConstraint.
  2. The Opposition Thumb (Spherical Joint)
    Multi-axial thumb movement using btGeneric6DofConstraint. Visualizes the 3D reach envelope with transparent mesh overlay.
  3. The Rattling-Free Finger Joint (Involute Gears)
    Geared knuckle joints with interlocking involute gears. Smooth curling motion via motor targets with raycasted contact points.
  4. The Haptic Fingertip (Pressure Feedback)
    Sensorized fingertip using btGhostObject for contact detection. Real-time pressure visualization with overlaid bar charts.
  5. Modular Tool Connector
    Quick-release wrist connector with bayonet mount. Drag-and-drop different tool meshes with dynamic constraint breaking.

2. Arm & Forearm Mechanisms

  1. Telescoping Forearm (Length Adjustment)
    Concentric cylinder design with btSliderConstraint. Real-time mass and center of gravity updates during extension.
  2. Multi-Axis Wrist (Ball & Socket)
    Ball-and-socket wrist using btPoint2PointConstraint with spring damping. 3D joystick UI for omnidirectional control.
  3. Magnetic Locking Socket
    Magnetic suspension socket with calculated pulling forces. Visualized magnetic field lines using THREE.Line segments.
  4. Expanding Calf Muscle (Aesthetic)
    LatheGeometry muscle that bulges mathematically based on knee angle. Demonstrates form-follows-function aesthetics.
  5. Lattice-Infill Bone (Weight Optimization)
    Bio-inspired gyroid lattice bone structure. Stress analysis with shader-highlighted high-tension areas under bending forces.

3. Lower Limb & Locomotion Systems

  1. The Energy-Return Cheetah Blade
    Curved running blade using QuadraticBezierCurve3 as btSoftBody. Simulates impact deformation and calculates rebound energy.
  2. The Hydraulic Ankle (Terrain Adaptation)
    Auto-leveling ankle that reads floor normal vectors. Motor rotates foot to match tilted ground while keeping shin vertical.
  3. The Shock-Absorbing Pylon (Spring-Loaded)
    Vertical compression pylon with btSliderConstraint and internal springs. Drop tests calculate yield strength exceedance.
  4. The Four-Bar Linkage Knee
    Polycentric four-bar knee mechanism. Visualizes moving instantaneous center of rotation (ICR) during flexion for stability analysis.
  5. The Split-Toe Balance Foot
    Independent dual-blade foot design. Tests on uneven terrain show how each half tilts independently for superior balance.

4. Smart Materials & Energy Systems

  1. The Kinetic Energy Harvester (Knee-Powered)
    Energy-harvesting knee with braking torque. Calculates generated wattage and displays battery charging animation in UI.
  2. Sweat-Ventilated Socket
    Voronoi-patterned socket with temperature-responsive pores. Cell faces scale dynamically to demonstrate active cooling ventilation.
  3. Low-Friction Skin Interface (Gel Liner)
    Thin btSoftBody gel layer between limb and socket. Near-zero friction simulation shows shear force absorption for skin protection.
  4. Folding Traveling Foot
    Compact storage foot with locking btHingeConstraint. Folds 90 degrees with disabled collision detection in folded mode.
  5. Universal Left/Right Symmetry Tool
    Mirroring tool that applies negative scale to Three.js groups while flipping Ammo.js constraints for opposite limb functionality.
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