🏛️ Architectural Foundations & Principles
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Architecture Styles & Trade-offs
Monolith · Modular Monolith · Microservices · Serverless — economics, operations, and complexity trade-offs.
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Architectural Patterns
EDA, Saga, CQRS, Strangler Fig, API Gateway — when and how to apply.
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Software Design Patterns (GoF)
Creational · Structural · Behavioral — applying the 23 patterns within service boundaries.
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Architectural Decision Records (ADR)
Document alternatives, rationale, trade-offs; make decisions auditable and repeatable.
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Software Architecture Principles
SOLID · DRY · YAGNI · KISS — system-level application for maintainability and evolvability.
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Coupling and Cohesion
Design services around single business capabilities; manage dependencies in distributed systems.
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⚖️ Distributed Systems & Scalability
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CAP Theorem & Consistency
Strong vs. eventual consistency; CRDTs, compensating transactions, convergence strategies.
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Fault Tolerance & Resilience
Circuit breakers, bulkheads, retries with backoff, idempotency for APIs and consumers.
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Advanced Caching Strategies
CDN · edge · distributed caches; cache-aside, write-through, write-back; invalidation tactics.
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Messaging & Queuing
Queues (SQS) vs. streams (Kafka/Kinesis); choosing sync vs. async communication.
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Load Balancing & Traffic Management
Global routing, DNS-based balancing, consistent hashing for stateful services.
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☁️ Cloud & Infrastructure
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Containerization & Orchestration
Kubernetes (service mesh, operators, Helm) vs. managed PaaS/FaaS — trade-offs.
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Infrastructure as Code (IaC) Maturity
Terraform and GitOps pipelines — secure, robust, repeatable deployments.
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Cost Optimization (TCO)
Right-sizing, serverless for variable load, reserved instances, efficient resource use.
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Multi-Cloud / Hybrid
Pros/cons: vendor lock-in, networking complexity, unified identity, operational overhead.
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🛡️ Security & Quality Attributes
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Security-by-Design
Zero Trust, secret management (Vault), OAuth 2.0/OIDC flows and best practices.
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Observability
Logs, metrics, traces — Prometheus, Grafana, Jaeger; actionable SLOs and alerts.
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Data Protection & Compliance
GDPR/HIPAA: residency, encryption at rest/in transit, least-privilege access controls.
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Performance Tuning
DB indices and plans, network latency, resource contention; systematic bottleneck removal.
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🧭 Leadership & Strategy
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Technology Roadmapping & Selection
PoCs, spikes, risk assessment; driving buy-in with evidence and outcomes.
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Managing Technical Debt
Quantify debt, model cost, negotiate reduction alongside feature delivery.
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Stakeholder Communication
Translate complex trade-offs (latency vs. cost) into clear, strategic narratives.
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